Commonwealth v. Gray’s Empirical Analysis
1986
Citation profile
327 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 327 later decisions — most recently December 2025 · most notably Commonwealth v. Edmunds (1991), Commonwealth v. Ellis (1995)
327 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Illinois v. Gates · Katz v. United States · Mapp v. Ohio · Aguilar v. Texas
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 327 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“of persons supplying hearsay information, there is a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found in a particular place. And the duty of a reviewing court is simply to ensure that the magistrate had a”
38 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent““The trial court erred in denying defendant’s pretrial motion to suppress evidence when the issuance of a search warrant violated defendant’s constitutional protection against unreasonable search and seizure where the search warrant was not supported by probable cause under the totality of the circumstances in that (1) there is insufficient evidence upon the face of the affidavit of probable cause to determine that the information received supporting the warrant was reliable, truthful, or credible; and (2) there is insufficient evidence upon the face of the affidavit of probable cause to determine that the contraband sought would be found in the place requested to be searched and because there is no substantial nexus be tween the events described in the affidavit and the premises to be searched; and (3) where informant’s testimony exhibited a lack of personal knowledge that alleged weapons or drugs would be found in defendant’s resident [sic] at the time the warrant was issued.””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the factual and practical considerations of everyday life on which reasonable and prudent men, not legal technicians, act,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.