United States v. Shepherd’s Empirical Analysis
511 F.2d 119 · 1975
Citation profile
41 federal appellate · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 54 later decisions — most recently January 2019 · most notably United States v. Avalos (1976), United States v. Tranakos (1990)
41 federal appellate · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1341 (White-Collar Crime Penalty Enhancement Act of 2002) · 18 U.S.C. § 2314
Relies on Barker v. Wingo · Pereira v. United States · United States v. Maze · Kann v. United States · Parr v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 54 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“more than the normal anxiety that accompanies a trial”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“incident to an essential part of the scheme.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“It is thus clear that the use of the mails in this case was ‘incidental to an essential element of the scheme’ and was therefore ‘for the purpose of executing the fraudulent scheme’ as required by the mail fraud statute.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.