Custis v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
1994
Citation profile
976 federal appellate · 135 district · 331 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 2,395 later decisions (19 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2025 · most notably United States v. Cotton (2002), George Duncan Superintendent Great Meadow Correctional Facility v. Sherman Walker (2001)
976 federal appellate · 135 district · 331 state decisions — followed in 33 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedthe decision below (from Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1202 · 18 U.S.C. § 2113 · 18 U.S.C. § 921 (Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act) · 18 U.S.C. § 922 (Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act) · 18 U.S.C. § 924 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 851 (§ 411 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on Strickland v. Washington · Boykin v. Alabama · Johnson v. Zerbst · Gideon v. Wainwright · Wainwright v. Sykes
Cited together with Gideon v. Wainwright · Daniels v. United States · Taylor v. United States · Parke v. Raley · Apprendi v. New Jersey
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 2,395 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“'[Ijnroads on the concept of finality tend to undermine confidence in the integrity of our procedures’ and inevitably delay and impair the orderly administration of justice.”) (quoting United States v. Addonizio, 442 U.S. 178 , 184, n. 11, 99 S.Ct. 2235 , 60 L.Ed.2d 805 (1979)). Moreover,”
65 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“then apply for reopening of any federal sentence enhanced by the state sentences.”
47 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“collaterally attack the validity of previous state convictions that are used to enhance his sentence under the ACCA ... with the sole exception of convictions obtained in violation of the right to counsel.”
13 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.