Davis v. Washington’s Empirical Analysis
512 F.2d 956 · 1975
Citation profile
17 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 38 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 1991 · most notably Washington v. Davis (1976), General Electric Co. v. Gilbert (1976)
17 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
Relationships
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · Griggs v. Duke Power Co. · Bolling v. Sharpe · Steffel v. Thompson · Samuels v. J Mackell Fernandez
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 38 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Although appellants' complaint did not allege a violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which then was inapplicable to the Federal Government, decisions applying Title VII furnish additional instruction as to the legal standard governing the issues raised in this case. . . . The many decisions disposing of employment discrimination claims on constitutional grounds have made no distinction between the constitutional standard and the statutory standard under Title VII.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Washington v. Davis“population data [has] been considered judicially for only two purposes. There are a number of cases that have held population data alone sufficient to show racially disproportionate impact, but in the apparent absence of data on pass-fail rates. Other courts have noted population data merely to corroborate a showing of racially disproportionate impact based on pass-fail rates. Id. at 960 (emphasis added) (footnotes omitted).”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“no bearing on a showing that an employment practice has a racially disproportionate impact. Although the Department, quite commendably, has succeeded in increasing the proportion of black officers through vigorous efforts, it is self-evident that use of selection procedures that do not have a disparate effect on blacks would have resulted in an even greater percentage of black police officers than exists today. Id. at 961.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.