Johnson v. De Grandy’s Empirical Analysis
1994
Citation profile
367 federal appellate · 239 district · 35 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 1,578 later decisions (36 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2026 · most notably Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Saudi Basic Industries Corp. (2005), Lance v. Dennis (2006)
367 federal appellate · 239 district · 35 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1973 (§ 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965) · 42 U.S.C. § 1973C (§ 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965)
Relies on Allen v. McCurry · District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman · Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co. · Washington v. Davis · Powers v. Ohio
Cited together with District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman · Thornburg v. Gingles · Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co. · Voinovich v. Quilter · Growe v. Emison
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 1,578 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“a party losing in state court ... from seeking what in substance would be appellate review of the state judgment in a United States district court, based on the losing party's claim that the state judgment itself violates the loser's federal rights.”
38 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[T]he history of voting-related discrimination in the State or political subdivision; the extent to which voting in the elections of the States or political subdivision is racially polarized; the extent to which the State or political subdivision has used voting practices or procedures that tend to enhance the opportunity for discrimination against the minority group, such as unusually large election districts, majority vote requirements, and prohibitions against bullet voting; the exclusion of members of the minority group from candidate slating processes; the extent to which minority group members bear the effects of past discrimination in areas such as education, employment, and health, which hinder their ability to participate effectively in the political process; the use of overt or subtle racial appeals in political campaigns; and the extent to which members of the minority group have been elected to public office in the jurisdiction.”
34 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the ultimate conclusions about equality or inequality of opportunity were intended by Congress to be judgments resting on comprehensive, not limited, canvassing of relevant facts.”
18 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.