Parker v. Hurley’s Empirical Analysis
514 F.3d 87 · 2008
Citation profile
9 federal appellate · 92 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 112 later decisions — most recently March 2025 · most notably Freeman v. Town of Hudson (2013), GeorgiaCarry.Org, Inc. v. Georgia (2012)
9 federal appellate · 92 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly · Cantwell v. State of Connecticut · Troxel v. Granville · Lemon v. Kurtzman · Meyer v. State of Nebraska
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 112 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Because the Doe children allege mere exposure to the religious content of the Pledge, they cannot state a claim under the Free Exercise Clause, nor can their parents, as 'the mere fact that a child is exposed on occasion . . . to a concept offensive to a parent's religious belief does not inhibit the parent from not relevant to this case. -31- instructing the child differently.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“(1) compel affirmation of religious beliefs; (2) punish the expression of religious doctrines it believes to be false; (3) impose special disabilities on the basis of religious views or religious status; or (4) lend its power to one side or the other in controversies over religious authorities or dogma.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“Public schools are not obliged to shield individual students from ideas which potentially are religiously offensive, particularly when the school imposes no requirement that the student agree with or affirm those ideas.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.