Hubbard v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
1995
Citation profile
184 federal appellate · 45 district · 42 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 433 later decisions (30 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 2026 · most notably Board of the County Commissioners of Bryan County v. Brown (1997), Agostini v. Felton Chancellor Board of Education of the City of New York (1997)
184 federal appellate · 45 district · 42 state decisions — followed in 12 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedUnited States v. Hubbard (from Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Brecht v. Abrahamson · Missouri v. Continential Insurance Cos. · Patterson v. McLean Credit Union · Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. P Casey P Casey
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 433 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“any department or agency of the United States.”
16 later decisions quote this exact passage“Whoever, in any matter within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States knowingly and willfully falsifies, conceals or covers up by any trick, scheme, or device a material fact, or makes any false, fictitious or fraudulent statements or representations, or makes or uses any false writing or document knowing the same to contain any false, fictitious or fraudulent statement or entry, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[A]bsent any indication that doing so would frustrate Congress's clear intention or yield patent absurdity, our obligation is to apply the statute as Congress wrote it.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.