Miller v. Johnson’s Empirical Analysis
1995
Citation profile
205 federal appellate · 92 district · 99 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 950 later decisions (67 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2026 · most notably United States v. Morrison (2000), Mazurek v. Armstrong (1997)
205 federal appellate · 92 district · 99 state decisions — followed in 23 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1253 · 28 U.S.C. § 2284 · 42 U.S.C. § 1973 (§ 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965) · 42 U.S.C. § 1973B (§ 4 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965) · 42 U.S.C. § 1973C (§ 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965)
Relies on Celotex Corporation v. Catrett H · Baker v. Carr · Allen v. Wright · Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. · Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka et al.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 950 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“race was the predominant factor motivating the legislature's decision to place a significant number of voters within or without a particular district.”
91 later decisions quote this exact passage“[C]ompliance with federal antidiscrimination laws cannot justify race-based districting where the challenged district was not reasonably necessary under a constitutional reading and application of those laws.”
14 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“must prove that the legislature subordinated traditional race-neutral districting principles ... to racial considerations.”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.