United States v. Hand’s Empirical Analysis
516 F.2d 472 · 1975
Citation profile
33 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 39 later decisions — most recently September 1993 · most notably United States v. De La Fuente (1977), United States v. Juarez (1978)
33 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Erie Co v. Tompkins · Katz v. United States · Carroll v. United States · Chimel v. California
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 39 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Arguably, because of the preference for a magistrate’s judgment, only the immobilization of the car should be permitted until a search warrant is obtained; arguably, only the “lesser” intrusion is permissible until the magistrate authorizes the “greater”. But which is the “greater” and which the “lesser” intrusion is itself a debatable question and the answer may depend on a variety of circumstances. For constitutional purposes, we see no difference between on the one hand seizing and holding a car before presenting the probable cause issue to a magistrate and on the other hand carrying out an immediate search without a warrant. .Given probable cause to search, either course is reasonable under the Fourth Amendment.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“it means just what I choose it to mean neither more nor less.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent“whether you can make words mean different things.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.