Bailey v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
1995
Citation profile
3,419 federal appellate · 312 district · 262 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 6,451 later decisions (71 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 2026 · most notably Monge v. California (1998), Bousley v. United States (1998)
3,419 federal appellate · 312 district · 262 state decisions — followed in 34 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedUnited States v. Bailey (from District of Columbia Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on United States v. Ron Pair Enterprises, Inc. · United Sav. Assn. of Tex. v. Timbers of Inwood Forest Associates, Ltd. · Smith v. United States · United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co.
Cited together with Smith v. United States · Bousley v. United States · United States v. Olano · Muscarello v. United States · Apprendi v. New Jersey
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 6,451 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“actively employed the firearm during and in relation to the predicate crime.”
259 later decisions quote this exact passage“a use that makes the firearm an operative factor in relation to the predicate offense.”
117 later decisions quote this exact passage“brandishing, displaying, bartering, striking with, and most obviously, firing or attempting to fire, a firearm.”
111 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.