King v. Hardesty’s Empirical Analysis
517 F.3d 1049 · 2008
Citation profile
8 federal appellate · 6 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 24 later decisions — most recently August 2023
8 federal appellate · 6 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866) · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins · Hutson v. McDonnell Douglas Corp. · Griffith v. City of Des Moines · Harvey v. Anheuser-Busch, Inc. · Beshears v. Asbill
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 24 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“showing a specific link between the alleged discriminatory animus and the challenged decision, sufficient to support a finding by a reasonable fact finder that an illegitimate criterion actually motivated! ] the adverse employment action. Thus, “direct” refers to the causal strength of the proof, not whether it is “circumstantial” evidence. A plaintiff with strong (direct) evidence that illegal discrimination motivated the employer’s adverse action does not need the three-part McDonnell Douglas analysis to get to the jury, regardless of whether his strong evidence is circumstantial.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“may include `evidence of actions or remarks of the employer that reflect a discriminatory attitude,’ `comments which demonstrate a discriminatory animus in the decisional process,’ or comments `uttered by individuals closely involved in employment decisions.’”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“Price Waterhouse defined the term `direct evidence’ negatively to exclude `stray remarks in the workplace,’ `statements by nondecisionmakers,’ or `statements by decisionmakers unrelated to the decisional process itself.’”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.