52 Ala. App. 481 - Gray v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1974
Citation profile
35 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 35 later decisions — most recently August 2025 · most notably 57 Ala. App. 4 - Colston v. State (1975), 405 So. 2d 41 - Miller v. State (1981)
35 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Stokley v. State · Morris v. State · Jones v. State · Williams v. State · State ex rel. Attorney General v. Tally
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 35 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““Aid and abet ‘comprehend all assistance rendered by acts or words of encouragement or support or presence, actual or constructive, to render assistance should it become necessary. No particular acts are necessary. If encouragement be given to commit the felony, or if, giving due weight to all the testimony, the jury are convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was present with a view to render aid should it become necessary, then that ingredient of the offense is made out.’ [Raiford v. State] Raiford’s Case, 59 Ala. 106 ; [State ex rel. Attorney General v. Tally] Tally’s Case, 102 Ala. 25 , et seq., 15 So. 722 .””
1 later decision quote this exact passage“"The participation in a crime and the community of purpose of the perpetrators need not be proved by direct or positive testimony, but may be inferred from circumstantial evidence." Cited in Gray v. State , 52 Ala. App. 481 , 294 So.2d 448 .”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.