United States v. Williams’s Empirical Analysis
521 F.2d 950 · 1975
Citation profile
36 federal appellate · 2 district · 21 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 64 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2004 · most notably Lakeside v. Oregon (1978), United States v. Lemire (1983)
36 federal appellate · 2 district · 21 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113 · 18 U.S.C. § 3481
Relies on Griffin v. California · Time, Inc. v. Bon Air Hotel, Inc. · Illinois Power Co. v. Local Union No. 51, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers · Corallo v. United States · Brady v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 64 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“manifestly intended or ... of such character that the jury would naturally and necessarily take it to be a comment on the failure of the accused to testify.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““Adherence to a rule requiring the reading of a general instruction [on failure to testify under 18 U.S.C. § 3481 (1970)] when requested by one defendant, regardless of the wishes of codefendants, would protect the statutory right without interfering with any substantial interests of co-defendants.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Hill v. State“No party may assign as error any portion of the charge or omission herefrom unless he objects thereto before the jury retires to consider its verdict, stating distinctly the matter to which he objects and the grounds for his objection.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.