Leroy J. Blackwelder v. Richard M. Millman’s Empirical Analysis
522 F.2d 766 · 1975
Citation profile
8 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 32 later decisions — most recently September 2021 · most notably In Re Ah Robins Company Incorporated, Kennecott Copper Corporation v. Curtiss-Wright Corporation (1978)
8 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Udall v. Tallman · Witherspoon v. Illinois · Suckow Borax Mines Consolidated, Inc. v. Borax Consolidated, Ltd. · Richmond Redevelopment & Housing Authority v. Laburnum Construction Corp. · Worrie v. Boze
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 32 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[Party prevailing below,] without cross-appeal, may support the judgment by urging any theory, argument, or contention which is supported by the record, even though it was specifically rejected by the lower court.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The gist of the civil action of conspiracy is the damage caused by the acts committed in pursuance of the formed conspiracy and not the mere combination of two or more persons to accomplish an unlawful purpose or use unlawful means. In other words, the basis of the action is the wrong which is done under the conspiracy and which results in damage to the plaintiff. No cause of action exists without the resulting injury, and the damage produced must arise as the effective result of the conspiracy.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“The elements necessary to establish the existence of a civil conspiracy are: (1) that two or more persons engaged in concerted action; (2) to accomplish some criminal or unlawful purpose, or some lawful purpose by some criminal and unlawful means; and (3) that actual damages resulted from something done by one or more of the conspirators in furtherance of the object of the conspiracy.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.