Gray v. Maryland’s Empirical Analysis
1998
Citation profile
337 federal appellate · 42 district · 364 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 1,183 later decisions (14 by the Supreme Court) — most recently September 2025 · most notably Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts (2009), Lilly v. Virginia (1999)
337 federal appellate · 42 district · 364 state decisions — followed in 33 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Bruton v. United States · Harrington v. California · Moran v. Burbine · United States v. Grinnell Corp.
Cited together with Bruton v. United States · Richardson v. Marsh · Crawford v. Washington · Zafiro v. United States · Chapman v. State of California
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 1,183 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“considered as a class, redactions that ... notify the jury that a name has been deleted”
84 later decisions quote this exact passage“Consider as an example a portion of the confession before us: The witness who read the confession told the jury that the confession (among other things) said, ‘Question: Who was in the group that beat Stacey?’ ‘Answer: Me, deleted, deleted, and a few other guys.’ Why could the witness not, instead, have said: ‘Question: Who was in the group that beat Stacey?’ ‘Answer: Me and a few other guys.’”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“Me, deleted, deleted, and a few other guys.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.