United States v. Shaffner’s Empirical Analysis
524 F.2d 1021 · 1975
Citation profile
37 federal appellate · 13 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 54 later decisions — most recently March 2006 · most notably United States v. Peters (1986), United States v. Magnano (1976)
37 federal appellate · 13 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113
Relies on Alderman v. United States · United States v. Joyce · United States v. Lawson · Scurry v. United States · Russell v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 54 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“any use of an instruction defining reasonable doubt presents a situation equivalent to playing with fire.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“If that were the rule, few men, however guilty they might be, would be convicted.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(w)e approve of this form of the instruction except for the last (fourth) paragraph.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.