Ingraham v. Wright’s Empirical Analysis
525 F.2d 909 · 1976
Citation profile
32 federal appellate · 3 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 71 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2021 · most notably Rhodes v. Chapman (1981), Ingraham v. Wright (1977)
32 federal appellate · 3 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
Relationships
Relies on Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth · Morrissey v. Brewer · Monroe v. Pape · Gault · Furman v. Georgia
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 71 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“We think it a misuse of our judicial power to determine, for example, whether a teacher has acted arbitrarily in paddling a particular child for certain behavior or whether in a particular instance of misconduct five licks would have been a more appropriate punishment than ten licks. . . .”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Ingraham v. Wright · Fee v. Herndon“(p)addling of recalcitrant children has long been an accepted method of promoting good behavior and instilling notions of responsibility and decorum into the mischievous heads of school children.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Ingraham v. Wright · Fee v. Herndon“'part of the total punishment to which the individual is being subjected for his crime and, as such, is a proper subject for Eighth Amendment scrutiny.'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.