Minnesota, v. Wayne Thomas Carter’s Empirical Analysis
1998
Citation profile
455 federal appellate · 186 district · 763 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 2,014 later decisions (13 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2026 · most notably Illinois v. Caballes (2005), Kyllo v. United States (2001)
455 federal appellate · 186 district · 763 state decisions — followed in 44 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Katz v. United States · Payton v. New York · Rakas v. Illinois · Jones v. United States · Bumper v. North Carolina
Cited together with Rakas v. Illinois · Katz v. United States · Minnesota v. Olson · Payton v. New York · Terry v. Ohio
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 2,014 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“a source outside of the Fourth Amendment, either by reference to concepts of real or personal property law or to understandings that are recognized and permitted by society.”
43 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“If we regard the overnight guest in Minnesota v. Olson as typifying those who may claim the protection of the Fourth Amendment in the home of another, and one merely “legitimately on the premises” as typifying those who may not do so, the present case is obviously somewhere in between. But the purely commercial nature of the transaction engaged in here, the relatively short period of time on the premises, and the lack of any previous connection between respondents and the householder, all lead us to conclude that respondents’ situation is closer to that of one simply permitted on the premises. We therefore hold that any search which may have occurred did not violate their Fourth Amendment rights.”
17 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“But the extent to which the Fourth Amendment protects people may depend upon where those people are.”
17 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.