Lilly v. Virginia’s Empirical Analysis
1999
Citation profile
360 federal appellate · 36 district · 1,001 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 1,864 later decisions (9 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2025 · most notably Crawford v. Washington (2004), Davis v. Washington (2006)
360 federal appellate · 36 district · 1,001 state decisions — followed in 45 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · Anderson v. City of Bessemer City · Bruton v. United States · Ornelas v. United States · Ohio v. Roberts
Cited together with Ohio v. Roberts · Crawford v. Washington · Idaho v. Wright · Bruton v. United States · Lee v. Illinois
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 1,864 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“particularized guarantees of trustworthiness.”
46 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“It is highly unlikely that the presumptive unreliability that attaches to accomplices’ confessions that shift or spread blame can be effectively rebutted when the statements are given under conditions that implicate the core concerns of the old ex parte affidavit practice — that is, when the government is involved in the statements’ production, and when the statements describe past events and have not been subjected to adversarial testing.”
37 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“in light of longstanding judicial and legislative experience [the exception] rests on such a solid foundation that admission of virtually any evidence within it comports with the substance of the constitutional protection.”
16 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.