Andrews v. Koch’s Empirical Analysis
1981
Citation profile
10
cited by 10 later decisions
November 1986
most recently cited
2 federal appellate ·
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1973C (§ 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965)
Relies on Baker v. Carr · Reynolds v. Sims · City of Mobile v. Bolden · Avery v. Midland County · Whitcomb v. Chavis
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 10 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““On the undisputed facts it is obvious that a voter in the Bronx or Staten Island gets substantially more representation for his or her ballot than a voter in Brooklyn or Queens. The effect is to deprive voters in the latter boroughs of an equal opportunity to participate in the political process.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[T]he question is whether the allocation of an equal number of at-large Council seats to each of the five boroughs, without regard to substantial ... disparities, comports with the constitutional rule of substantial numerical equality....”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[E]lectoral apportionment must be based on the general principle of population equality .... [T]his Court has carefully scrutinized state interests offered to justify deviations from population equality.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.