Frese v. Formella’s Empirical Analysis
2022
Citation profile
15
cited by 15 later decisions
1
states following
November 2025
most recently cited
3 district · 1 state decisions
Relationships
Relies on New York Times Co. v. Sullivan · Buckley v. Valeo · United States v. Salerno · Grayned v. City of Rockford · Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 15 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“all reasonable inferences in [Appellants'] favor.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Lowe v. Mills · Skoly v. McKee“fails to provide a person of ordinary intelligence fair notice of what is prohibited, or is so standardless that it authorizes or encourages seriously discriminatory enforcement.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he complaint 'must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Lowe v. Mills · Skoly v. McKee
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.