¶1This is trover brought for the conversion of
¶2wheat seized first as a growing crop and afterwards sold on executions against Harvey M. Wheeler, plaintiff’s father, but claimed as belonging to plaintiff. This levy was made in December, 1881. The sale was in August, 1882, and this suit was brought in September, 1882.
¶3* These executions which were on several judgments, were levied at the same time on a considerable amount of personal property, which was sold in January, 1882. After defendant had sold enough to make up the full amount of the executions and costs, he went further and sold the remainder, realizing between two and three hundred dollars surplus. All this money he kept in his own custody and neither paid it to creditors nor endorsed it on the writs. After these sales a suit was brought against defendant in trover by plaintiff for the conversion of the property sold. One Dr. Watson also replevied from the purchasers certain of the personal property on which plaintiff had given him a chattel mortgage. While these suits were pending, defendant in August, 1882, sold the wheat in question under the old levy. Thereupon plaintiff brought this suit. While this present suit was pending defendant settled the Watson replevin suits, and paid $500 to the purchasers from whom the articles had been replevied.
¶4On the trial of the present suit, after the testimony was in, and after several rulings had been made adversely to plaintiff, the court finally directed a verdict for defendant on the ground that the former trover suit should have covered this wheat ‘ also.
¶5No plea or other notice had been put in relying on any such defense, but in our opinion, if there had been it would *366have made no difference. Plaintiff had a right to treat the sale in each case as .a conversion, and was not compellable, whether allowable or not to treat the original levy as the one conversion on which he sought to recover. As there could be no very great damage from a mere levy on growing crops, which might never pass to a sale, it was wise to postpone the action until something was done which would fix real and ascertainable damages. We do not think there is any legal principle which requires these separate grievances to be consolidated in one action. The plaintiff had a right to prosecute for the twro sales separately, and the case was improperly-taken from the jury.
¶6The court also erred in holding that the finding of the jury against plaintiff in the other case fixed the quality of the transaction between plaintiff and his father as void, so as to preclude inquiry into it thereafter. There was nothing on the record to make any such determination conclusive beyond that case itself. No inquiry can be allowed in such a case as this into the opinions of the jury on the parol testimony in another case, for purposes of estoppel. A record may be a bar, because that contains elements which cannot be disputed. But it would be a very dangerous doctrine to allow the verdict of a jury on a controversy involving many facts, to be made evidence in another suit of any of the items of testimony entering into that controversy, and not fixed by the record itself. Here too there was nothing in the pleadings to found such a defense on, if otherwise valid.
¶7The court below seems to have overlooked a principle relating to acts in wrong of creditors which was of considerable importance. While transactions of sale or other arrangements to their prejudice may be bad as to creditors, they are nevertheless valid as between the parties; and when enough property has been raised to satisfy the claims of creditors, any further needless disposition of the balance is not justified, and is a grievance against the vendee, who as to such surplus is the lawful owner. The present record does not enable us to judge ourselves or to know just what the court would have said to the jury as to the right of the defendant to sell the *367wheat on the executions, and under what circumstances and to what extent he would be liable. We therefore coniine our suggestions to the distinction between the rights of creditors and those of other persons not defrauded, to avoid dealings which are claimed to have been unlawful as against creditors. We need not on this record consider any of the rulings beyond this. But the ruling that the finding in the one suit concludes the other involves this particular error as well as the general one before referred to, and seems to call for this consideration. We pass by the remaining rulings as they may not come up again.
¶8The judgment must be reversed, and a new trial granted.