Hernandez v. Gray’s Empirical Analysis
530 F.2d 858 · 1976
Citation profile
4 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 8 later decisions — most recently September 2000
4 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866)
Relies on Warth v. Seldin · Roe v. Wade · O'Shea v. Littleton · Triangle Improvement Council v. Ritchie · Jones v. Lee Way Motor Freight, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 8 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“A class action may not be maintained by a putative representative who is not a member of the class. . . .”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.