Apprendi v. New Jersey’s Empirical Analysis
2000
Citation profile
7,840 federal appellate · 937 district · 13,590 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 46,595 later decisions (155 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2026 · most notably United States v. Booker (2004), Blakely v. Washington (2004)
7,840 federal appellate · 937 district · 13,590 state decisions — followed in 49 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedthe decision below (from Supreme Court of New Jersey)
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113 · 18 U.S.C. § 3551 (Mandatory Victims Restitution Act of 1996) · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 28 U.S.C. § 994 · 8 U.S.C. § 1326 (§ 276 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (McCarran-Walter))
Relies on Almendarez-Torres v. United States · In the Matter of Samuel Winship · Sandstrom v. Montana · Duncan v. State of Louisiana
Cited together with Blakely v. Washington · Almendarez-Torres v. United States · United States v. Booker · United States v. Olano · Jones v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 46,595 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[o]ther than the fact of a prior conviction, any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable doubt.”
1,221 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum”
148 later decisions quote this exact passage“the functional equivalent of an element of a greater offense,”
111 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How later courts have treated this case
Across 137 classified citations — whether each later court relied on, limited, or rejected this decision:
- 52explained
- 45followed
- 36cited without characterization
- 4distinguished
Treatment is classified from each citing court's own sentence. This is a running sample — coverage grows as the classification pass proceeds; overrulings are also tracked authoritatively in the case status.