Dickens v. Horner’s Empirical Analysis
1992
Citation profile
64 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 64 later decisions — most recently June 2013 · most notably Tice v. Cramer (1993), 157 Pa. Commw. 243 - HAWKS BY HAWKS v. Livermore (1993)
64 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Mascaro v. Youth Study Center · Love v. City of Philadelphia · Walsh v. City of Philadelphia · Chevalier v. City of Philadelphia · 123 Pa. Commw. 226 - Dickens v. Upper Chichester Township
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 64 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[Consistent with the Legislative determination that the criminal acts, actual fraud, actual malice or willful misconduct of its own agency or employees acting with the scope of their duties are not the subject of suit or liability and that it would be incongruous to interpret the Act [Political Subdivision Tort Claims Act] in such a way that the municipality would be shielded from liability for the crimes of its agents and employees, yet responsible for the crimes of others.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) Vehicle liability. — The operation of any motor vehicle in the possession or control of the local agency, provided that the local agency shall not be liable to any plaintiff that claims liability under this subsection if the plaintiff was, during the course of the alleged negligence, in flight or fleeing apprehension or resisting arrest by a police officer or knowingly aided a group, one or more of whose members were inflight or fleeing apprehension or resisting arrest by a police officer. As used in this paragraph, “motor vehicle” means any vehicle which is self-propelled and any attachments thereto, including vehicles operated by rail, through water or in the air.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the legislative scheme consistently excludes all criminal acts from liability, including the acts of one such as Horner, who choses [sic] to defy a lawful order to stop his car and commits a series of crimes which terminate in inflicting serious injuries to an innocent bystander like Appel-lee.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.