City of Indianapolis v. Edmond’s Empirical Analysis
2000
Citation profile
506 federal appellate · 109 district · 638 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 1,764 later decisions (29 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2025 · most notably Illinois v. Caballes (2005), Brigham City v. Stuart (2006)
506 federal appellate · 109 district · 638 state decisions — followed in 45 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedthe decision below (from Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Whren v. United States · Delaware v. Prouse · United States v. Brignoni-Ponce · United States v. Place
Cited together with Terry v. Ohio · United States v. Martinez-Fuerte · Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz · Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives' Assn. · Delaware v. Prouse
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 1,764 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[a] search or seizure is ordinarily unreasonable in the absence of individualized suspicion of wrongdoing.”
84 later decisions quote this exact passage“ultimately indistinguishable from the general interest in crime control.”
29 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“purpose is often relevant when suspicionless intrusions pursuant to a general scheme are at issue.”
15 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.