United States v. Tolkow’s Empirical Analysis
532 F.2d 853 · 1976
Citation profile
24 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 38 later decisions — most recently May 2009 · most notably Fed. Sec. L. Rep. P 96,308, 2 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 1257 United States of America v. David Stirling, Jr., William G. Stirling, Harold M. Yanowitch, Edwin J. Schulz and Rubel L. Phillips (1978), United States v. Ruffin (1978)
24 federal appellate · 2 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1027 · 18 U.S.C. § 545 · 29 U.S.C. § 1001 (§ 2 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974) · 29 U.S.C. § 1031 (§ 111 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974)
Relies on United States v. Murdock · Indiana Employment Security Division v. Burney · Schleich v. Butterfield · Hargrove v. United States · Tager v. Securities & Exchange Commission
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 38 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“proof of a voluntary conscious failure to disclose without ground for believing that such non-disclosure is lawful, or with reckless disregard for whether or not it is lawful.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“to be published, or kept as part of the records of any employee welfare benefit plan or employee pension benefit plan, or certified to the administrator of any such plan....”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Obviously [the defendant] has a deep, personal interest in the result of his prosecution. Indeed, it is fair to say he has the greatest stake in its outcome. Interest creates a motive for false testimony; the greater the interest the stronger the motive, and a defendant’s interest in the result of his trial is of a character possessed by no other witness.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.