United States v. Griffith’s Empirical Analysis
533 F.3d 979 · 2008
Citation profile
11 federal appellate · 4 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 23 later decisions — most recently July 2022
11 federal appellate · 4 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 922 (Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act)
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Terry v. Ohio · Florida v. Royer · United States v. Mendenhall · Michigan v. Chesternut
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 23 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[O]fficers positioning themselves in a way to limit the person’s freedom of movement, the presence of several officers, the display of weapons by officers, physical touching, the use of language or intonation indicating compliance is necessary, the officer’s retention of the person’s property, or an officer’s indication the person is the focus of a particular investigation.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“necessarily imprecise because it is designed to assess the coercive effect of police conduct, taken as a whole, rather than to focus on particular details of that conduct in isolation.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“Reasonable suspicion does not, however, exist solely on the basis of an officer's hunch.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Cronin v. Peterson
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.