Iko v. Shreve’s Empirical Analysis
535 F.3d 225 · 2008
Citation profile
24 federal appellate · 47 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 159 later decisions — most recently September 2024 · most notably Jackson v. Lightsey (2014), Thomas v. Bryant (2010)
24 federal appellate · 47 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Estelle v. Gamble · Mitchell v. Forsyth · Farmer v. Brennan
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 159 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) 'the need for the application of force'; (2) 'the relationship between the need and the amount of force that was used'; (3) the extent of any reasonably perceived threat that the application of force was intended to quell; and (4) 'any efforts made to temper the severity of a forceful response.' " Iko , 535 F.3d at 239 (quoting Whitley , 475 U.S. at 321 , 106 S.Ct. 1078 ). The point of this analysis is to determine whether "[p]unitive intent behind a defendant's use of force may be inferred”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“acted with a sufficiently culpable state of mind,”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“for the sole purpose of infliction of pain”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.