Hammond v. Adkisson’s Empirical Analysis
536 F.2d 237 · 1976
Citation profile
8 federal appellate · 5 district · 8 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 22 later decisions — most recently July 2017
8 federal appellate · 5 district · 8 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chaplinsky v. State of New Hampshire · Cohen v. California · Cox v. State of Louisiana · Terminiello v. Chicago · Gooding v. Wilson
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 22 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[i]t is unlikely ... that the words said to have been used ... would have precipitated a physical confrontation between the middle-aged woman who spoke them and the police officer in whose presence they were uttered”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“[E]ven insulting speech is protected by the First Amendment unless it is likely to arouse anger to the extent likely to cause violent physical retaliation. Hammond at 239 .”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“the trier of fact might well conclude ... that there was no likelihood that a [nineteen year old] young woman's words would provoke a violent response from the particular officer involved”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the dissente.g. State v. Baccala
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.