13 Fair empl.prac.cas. 81, 12 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 11,105 United States of America v. The International Union of Elevator Constructors, Local Union No. 5’s Empirical Analysis
538 F.2d 1012 · 1976
Citation profile
28 federal appellate · 7 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 60 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 1990 · most notably United Steelworkers of America v. Weber (1979), Local 28 of the Sheet Metal Workers' International Ass'n v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (1986)
28 federal appellate · 7 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · Griggs v. Duke Power Co. · Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody · Franks v. Bowman Transportation Co. · Runyon v. McCrary
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 60 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“. . . any other equitable relief as the court deems appropriate.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“No order of the court shall require the admission or reinstatement of an individual as a member of a union, or the hiring, reinstatement, or. promotion of an individual as an employee, or the payment to him of any back pay, if such individual was refused admission, suspended, or expelled, or was refused employment or advancement or was suspended or discharged for any reason other than discrimination on account of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin ...”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“Nothing contained in [Title VII] shall be interpreted to require any employer . . . to grant preferential treatment to any individual or to any group because of the race . . . of such individual or group on account of”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.