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539 F.2d 1143

Docket No. 75-1917.

Harley v. Oliver

Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals

Submitted May 13, 1976.

Decided July 26, 1976.

Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals · decided 1976-07-26

2 counsel of record

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

“Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress.”

quoted by 1 later decision, including Antelman v. Lewis

“A judge does not act at his peril in the exercise of his jurisdiction. Even if Judge Taylor’s custody order of January 9 was in error, which we do not decide, it clearly resulted from the exercise of his statutory jurisdiction. Id. at 1145 .”

quoted by 1 later decision, including 432 F. Supp. 834 - Staelens v. Yake

Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1343 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 1985

Relies on Pierson v. Ray · Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority · United States v. Price

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Opinion by Talbot Smith · Decided 1976-07-26

How this case has been cited

Cited by 35 later decisions — most recently August 2000 · most notably Elliott v. Perez (1985), Gorman Towers, Inc. v. Bogoslavsky (1980)

16 federal appellate · 4 district · 2 state decisions

2101976198019902000decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

¶1Kenneth S. Jacobs, Villa Park, 111., for appellant; George H. Hartman, New York *1144City, Thomas B. Taylor, Jr., Conroe, Tex., Billy E. Moore, Columbus, Ga., and Willard Crane Smith, Jr., Forth Smith, Ark., on brief.

¶2Robert T. Dawson, Fort Smith, Ark., for appellee; J. H. Evans, Fort Smith, Ark., on brief.

¶3Before BRIGHT and WEBSTER, Circuit Judges, and TALBOT SMITH,* Senior District Judge.

¶5TALBOT SMITH, Senior District Judge.

¶6This ease is now before us for the second time.1 Motions to dismiss filed by the three defendants were granted by the District Court. 404 F.Supp. 450 (W.D.Ark.1975). We affirm.

¶7The instant case arises out of a dispute between divorced parents over the custody of their minor son pending the performance of a surgical operation.2 Bulah (Oliver) Harley, the boy’s mother, filed the instant action on behalf of herself and as next friend for her minor son, Bobby Allen Oliver, in the District Court for the Western District of Arkansas praying for damages and injunctive relief under 42 U.S.C. § 1983.3 Named as defendants were Arkansas Probate Judge Van B. Taylor; Thomas Edward Oliver, the father of the minor; and Jeptha A. Evans, Oliver’s attorney.

¶8Plaintiffs have abandoned their claim for injunctive relief, leaving only the six million dollar damage claim for our consideration. These damages, it is asserted, arose from the emotional distress suffered by the plaintiffs when the mother was temporarily denied custody of her minor son, pursuant to an order'issued by Judge Taylor on January 9, 1975.4

¶9We here consider only the § 1983 claims asserted. As to any state remedy involved, we express no opinion either as to its existence upon these facts, or its efficacy, should such remedy there be.

¶10*1145We first consider the facts as to movantdefendant Van B. Taylor, a judge of the 14th Chancery Circuit of Arkansas. On the matter of a judge’s immunity, we held recently in Wiggins v. Hess, 531 F.2d 920 (8th Cir. 1976), that:

The immunity of a judge from liability for damages was not abrogated by the passage of 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and this immunity applies even when the judge acts maliciously and corruptly. A judge loses his immunity only if he acts in the clear absence of jurisdiction. Pierson v. Ray, 386 U.S. 547, 554, 87 S.Ct. 1213, 18 L.Ed.2d 288 (1967); Duba v. McIntyre, 501 F.2d 590 (8th Cir. 1974). (Emphasis added.)

¶11At 921.

¶12No clear absence of jurisdiction has been shown. Judge Taylor’s circuit is composed of the Counties of Logan (here involved), Perry, Scott and Yell. The Chancellor, under Arkansas law, is also the Probate Judge in each county in his circuit. Ark.Const. amend. 24, § 1. As such his jurisdiction is found in Ark.Stat.Ann. § 57-604 (1971 Repl.), which provides:

The jurisdiction of the probate court over all matters of guardianship, other than guardianships ad litem in other courts, shall be exclusive, subject to the right of appeal.

¶13A judge does not act at his peril in the exercise of his jurisdiction. Even if Judge Taylor’s custody order of January 9 was in error, which we do not decide, it clearly resulted from the exercise of his statutory jurisdiction. This court has stated that:

A judge will not lose his immunity because of a mere error in judgment even though the resultant act be in excess of the Court’s jurisdiction. Ryan v. Scoggin [245 F.2d 54, (10 Cir.1957)] supra; O’Bryan v. Chandler, 352 F.2d 987 (10th Cir. 1965) cert. den. 384 U.S. 926, 86 S.Ct. 1444, 16 L.Ed.2d 530, rehearing den. 385 U.S. 889, 87 S.Ct. 13, 17 L.Ed.2d 123. “Excess of jurisdiction” as distinguished from entire absence of jurisdiction, means that the act, although within the general power of the judge, is not authorized and therefore void, because conditions which alone authorize exercise of judicial power in the particular case are wanting and judicial power is not lawfully invoked.

¶14Duba v. McIntyre, 501 F.2d 590, 592 (8th Cir. 1974), cert. denied, 424 U.S. 975, 96 S.Ct. 1480, 47 L.Ed.2d 745 (1976).

¶15No clear absence of all jurisdiction having been shown, the doctrine of judicial immunity is applicable, Pierson v. Ray, supra; Duba v. McIntyre, supra,5and the motion of Judge Taylor was properly granted.

¶16The motions to dismiss the § 1983 action as to attorney Jeptha A. Evans and his client, Mr. Oliver, the father of the minor child, were also both properly granted. It is well settled that the action inhibited by the pleaded section, § 1983, is only such action as may fairly be said to be state action under the Fourteenth Amendment.6

[Pjrivate conduct abridging individual rights does no violence to the Equal Protection Clause unless to some significant extent the State in any of its manifestations has been found to have become involved in it.7

¶17On the facts before us the requirements for a finding of state action are clearly lacking. Mr. Oliver’s counsel, Mr. Evans, was acting only in the performance of his duties as counsel representing the *1146father. Such actions are not performed under color of state law.8

¶18As for the minor’s father, Mr. Oliver, he, a private party, “was merely trying to see that his son received proper medical attention.”9 There is not a scintilla of state action as to him.

¶19Plaintiffs also allege the existence of a conspiracy between all three defendants. This allegation is wholly conclusionary and plaintiffs’ complaint is naked of any supporting facts. Hence plaintiffs’ allegation of a conspiracy does not state a claim upon which relief can be granted.10

¶20In short, since Judge Taylor was clothed with judicial immunity, and the father, Mr. Oliver and his attorney Mr. Evans were acting in purely private capacities and not under color of state law, their motions to dismiss were properly granted.

¶21We have given careful consideration to all issues asserted by the plaintiffs herein, but in the view of the case we have taken, none merits further discussion.

¶22Affirmed.

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