United States v. Araujo’s Empirical Analysis
539 F.2d 287 · 1976
Citation profile
42 federal appellate · 1 district · 20 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 76 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently September 2024 · most notably Roberts v. United States (1980), United States v. Barnes (1979)
42 federal appellate · 1 district · 20 state decisions — followed in 13 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Griffin v. California · Marchetti v. United States · Quercia v. United States · Romano v. United States · Hampton v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 76 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The '[a]ugmentation of sentence' based on a defendant's decision to 'stand on [his] right to put the Government to its proof rather than plead guilty' is clearly improper.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“it would be preferable if the trial judge avoided interjecting his[/her] own personal views of human nature into the charge.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“In order to reverse a conviction for improper commentary on the right to remain silent, we must find that the comment was “manifestly intended or [was] of such a character that the jury would naturally and necessarily take it to be a comment on the failure of the accused to testify.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.