United States v. Hufford’s Empirical Analysis
539 F.2d 32 · 1976
Citation profile
52 federal appellate · 1 district · 8 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 71 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 2017 · most notably United States v. Knotts (1983), United States v. Dubrofsky (1978)
52 federal appellate · 1 district · 8 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Katz v. United States · Harris v. United States · Hester v. United States · United States v. White · Lopez v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 71 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“see no distinction between visual surveillance and the use of an electronic beeper to aid the agents in following the movements of an automobile along public roads,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.