Ex Parte Penn’s Empirical Analysis
1987
Citation profile
5
cited by 5 later decisions
1
states following
January 1995
most recently cited
5 state decisions
Relationships
Relies on Batson v. Kentucky · Swain v. State of Alabama · Griffith v. Kentucky · United States v. Johnson · MacKey v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 5 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“held as a matter of Alabama constitutional law that this ' Batson test' would be applied retroactively to cases pending on direct appeal.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Guthrie v. State
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.