Pinder v. Johnson’s Empirical Analysis
54 F.3d 1169 · 1995
Citation profile
49 federal appellate · 15 district · 8 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 141 later decisions — most recently September 2024 · most notably Edwards v. City of Goldsboro (1999), Piotrowski v. City of Houston (2001)
49 federal appellate · 15 district · 8 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 1985
Relies on Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Mitchell v. Forsyth · Malley v. Briggs · Daniels v. Williams
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 141 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[i]n such instances, the state is not merely accused of a failure to act; it becomes much more akin to an actor itself directly causing harm to the injured party ... [a]t most, these cases stand for the proposition that state actors may not disclaim liability when they throw others to the lions ... [t]hey do not, by contrast, entitle persons who rely on promises of aid to some greater degree of protection from lions at large.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Graves v. Lioi · Turner v. Thomas“'create[ ] a danger' every time it does anything that makes injury at the hands of a third party more likely”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Graves v. Lioi · Turner v. Thomas“insofar as their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.