Ludwig v. Anderson’s Empirical Analysis
54 F.3d 465 · 1995
Citation profile
36 federal appellate · 51 district · 6 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 130 later decisions — most recently June 2025 · most notably Vinyard v. Wilson (2002), Mettler v. Whitledge (1999)
36 federal appellate · 51 district · 6 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. · Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Graham v. Connor · Mitchell v. Forsyth
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 130 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]he evidence in this case presents material issues of fact on which the issue of qualified immunity turns and 'presents a sufficient disagreement to require submission to a jury.'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Henebema v. South Jersey Transportation Authority · Ernest Smith Jimmy Rudd v. Arkansas Department of Correction A.L. Lockhart, Director of the Arkansas Department of Correction Larry Norris, Acting Director of the Arkansas Department of Correction Willis H. Sargent, Warden of the Cummins Unit of the Arkansas Department of Correction A.J. Hall, Major, Chief of Security R.R. Wood, Lieutenant, Shift Supervisor J. Cleveland, Guard John Hood, Officer James Banks, Classification and Assignment Officer, Ron Smyers, Medical Services Administrator John Does, I-X, Dale Reed, Warden, Cummins Unit, Arkansas Department of Correction, Linda C. Smith, Administratrix of the Estate of John E. Stewart v. Arkansas Department of Correction A.L. Lockhart, Director of the Arkansas Department of Correction, Larry Norris, Acting Director of the Arkansas Department of Correction Willis H. Sargent, Warden of the Cummins Unit of the Arkansas Department of Correction A.J. Hall, Major, Chief of Security R.R. Wood, Lieutenant, Shift Supervisor J. Cleveland, Guard John Hood, Officer, James Banks, Classification and Assignment Officer Ron Smyers, Medical Services Administrator John Does, I-X“is an attempt to apprehend by use of deadly force”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to Merilyn Ludwig, the distance from Ludwig to the nearest bystander at the time of the shooting was approximately 150 feet, and, if Ludwig had continued running in the direction he was running when shot, he would have increased that distance. At the time of the shooting, the officers had only seen Ludwig with a knife and had not seen, nor did Ludwig possess, any other weapon. [Officer] Strong stated that Ludwig was in a defensive posture and never moved towards any officer. At the time he shot, Strong admittedly did not fear for his own safety due to the distance between himself and Ludwig and because Ludwig was running away.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.