Udo v. Tomes’s Empirical Analysis
54 F.3d 9 · 1995
Citation profile
34 federal appellate · 42 district · 6 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 92 later decisions — most recently November 2024 · most notably Rhodes v. Guiberson Oil Tools (1996), Thomas v. Eastman Kodak Co. (1999)
34 federal appellate · 42 district · 6 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 29 U.S.C. § 626 (§ 7 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967) · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdine · St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks · Alexander v. Gardner-Denver Co. · Mesnick v. General Electric Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 92 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) that the employer's articulated reason for laying off the plaintiff is a pretext and (2) that the true reason is discriminatory.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]his presumption 'places upon the defendant the burden of producing an explanation to rebut the prima facie case--i.e., the burden of producing evidence that the adverse employment actions were taken for a legitimate, non-discriminatory reason.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.