Bradley v. Milliken’s Empirical Analysis
540 F.2d 229 · 1976
Citation profile
22 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 52 later decisions (4 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 1997 · most notably Will v. Michigan Department of State Police (1989), Hutto v. Finney (1979)
22 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
Relationships
Relies on Scheuer v. Rhodes · Ex Parte: Edward T Young · Edelman v. Jordan · Goldberg v. Kelly · Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka et al.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 52 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Where the school authority’s proposed plan for conversion from a dual to a unitary system contemplates the continued existence of some schools that are all or predominately of one race, they have the burden of showing that such school assignments are genuinely nondiscrimina tory. The court should scrutinize such schools, and the burden upon the school authorities will be to satisfy the court that their racial composition is not the result of present or past discriminatory action on their part.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“We recognize that it would be appropriate for us at this point to supply guidelines to the District Judge as to what he should do under this remand. Omission of such guidelines is not based on any failure to consider the problem in depth. It is based upon the conviction which this court had at the time of its en banc opinion in this case . . that genuine constitutional desegregation can not be accomplished within the school district boundaries of the Detroit School District. 540 F.2d at 240.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage“District Judge DeMascio was faced with an extremely difficult (if not impossible) assignment, confronted as he was with the responsibility of formulating a decree which would eliminate the unconstitutional segregation found to exist in the Detroit public schools, without transgressing the limits established by the Supreme Court.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Bradley v. Milliken
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.