Muhammad v. Close’s Empirical Analysis
2004
Citation profile
119 federal appellate · 57 district · 27 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 565 later decisions (5 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2025 · most notably Woodford v. Ngo (2006), Wilkinson Director Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction et al. v. Dotson et al. (2005)
119 federal appellate · 57 district · 27 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedMuhammad v. Close (from Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Heck v. Humphrey · Preiser v. Rodriguez · Rose v. Lundy · Auer v. Robbins · Spencer v. Kemna
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 565 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Heck’s requirement to resort to state litigation and federal habeas before § 1983 is not, however, implicated by a prisoner’s challenge that threatens no consequence for his conviction or the duration of his sentence. There is no need to preserve the habeas exhaustion rule and no impediment under Heck in such a case, of which this is an example.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[cjhallenges to the validity of any confinement or to particulars affecting its duration are the province of habeas corpus” (citing Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 475, 500 , 93 S.Ct. 1827 , 36 L.Ed.2d 439 (1973) (explaining that”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“unavailability of habeas for other reasons may also dispense with the Heck requirement”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.