James R. Tygrett v. Walter E. Washington, Commissioner, District of Columbia’s Empirical Analysis
543 F.2d 840 · 1976
Citation profile
21 federal appellate · 2 district · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 49 later decisions — most recently May 2022 · most notably Egger v. Phillips (1983), 26 Cal. 3d 397 - Younger v. Jensen (1980)
21 federal appellate · 2 district · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Pickering v. Board of Education of Township High School District 205 Will County Illinois · Perry v. Sindermann · Securities and Exchange Commission v. Chenery Corporation Same · Securities and Exchange Commission v. Chenery Corporation · Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 49 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“adversely affected his efficiency as a police officer or the efficiency of the Department as a police force.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The crucial question for decision was whether appellant’s remarks ... actually impinged upon qualities making for an effective police force in such manner as to imperil its efficiency.”). The Postal Service's reliance on Connick to support its claim that a harm may be presumed is mistaken. Although the Court stated in Con-nick that “[w]hen close working relationships are essential to fulfilling public responsibilities, a wide degree of deference to the employer’s judgment is appropriate,” it also noted that the employee's speech in that case "touched upon matters of public concern in only a most limited sense” and "caution[ed] that a stronger showing may be necessary if the employee’s speech more substantially involved matters of public concern.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[AJppellees and the District Court perceived no First Amendment problem, saw no burden of justifying a dismissal traceable to speech, and made no Pickering balance or determination. Our remand is for a trial at which these and other administratively-unaddressed matters can be dealt with on an evidentiary record”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Tygrett v. Barry
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.