Public-domain · open source
OpenJurist

543 So. 2d 716

Ex Parte Harmon

Supreme Court of Alabama

Decided February 12, 1988

Supreme Court of Alabama · decided 1988-02-12

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

“to determine whether [the defendant] was in fact subject to the imposition of separate sentences”

quoted by 2 later decisions, including Harmon v. State, Ex Parte McKelvey

“[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: We would like to make reference to a case decided in the Court of Criminal Appeals back in March of this year, where on return to remand the Court held that a defendant could not be convicted of both burglary in the third degree and theft of property in the second degree where both charges arose from the same act.”

quoted by 1 later decision, including 574 So. 2d 860 - Vason v. State

Relies on Hudson v. Palmer · 417 So. 2d 232 - Ex Parte O'Leary · Harmon v. State

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 1988-02-12

How this case has been cited

Cited by 10 later decisions — most recently July 2016

10 state decisions

801988199020002010decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

¶1

¶2The defendant, Truman Harmon, pursuant to his guilty plea, was convicted of escape in the second degree, burglary in the third degree, and theft of property in the second degree. He filed a petition for writ of error coram nobis contesting the validity of his convictions. After a hearing, the trial court denied the writ, and he appealed that denial to the Court of Criminal Appeals. Harmon argued to the Court of Criminal Appeals that he should not have received separate sentences for the third degree burglary and the second degree theft on a joint indictment. However, the Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed, holding that this precise issue had not been *717 presented to the trial court and therefore had not been preserved for appeal, 543 So.2d 715 (Ala.Cr.App. 1987). Harmon now argues to this Court that he did raise this issue in the trial court; we agree, and we reverse and remand.

¶3In his petition for writ of error coram nobis, Harmon raised the argument that he should not have gone "to court on an indictment with two completely different charges on one (1) indictment." His petition states: "Burglury [sic] in the third degree is a complete charge. Theft of property in the second degree is a complete charge." In his hearing, the following occurred:

¶4 THE COURT: As I understand it, the basis of the writ — petition or writ of error coram nobis — is the burglary in the third degree and theft of property in the second degree cases which are contained in an indictment CC 83-037 and that the two felony offenses should not have been joined or what's — I'm not sure if I do understand what we're talking about.

¶5 MR. WRIGHT: That's what Mr. Harmon states in his petition, Judge, that they should not have been joined.

¶6 THE COURT: That the burglary charge and theft of property charge, while they might arguably havebeen properly jointly indicted, he could only entera plea to one of those charges I suppose. Mr.Harmon, is that what you're saying?

¶7MR. HARMON: Yes.

¶8(Emphasis added).

¶9In its order denying Harmon's writ, the trial court stated:

¶10 Petitioner argued that joinder was improper and that even if joinder were proper he could not befound guilty of both charges. The court finds botharguments without merit.

¶11(Emphasis added).

¶12Harmon, with the advice of counsel, pleaded guilty to both charges and received separate consecutive sentences for each conviction. Harmon, writing pro se in his petition for the writ, specifically raised the question whether it was error to try him on both charges. The State argues that Harmon really was objecting to the joinder of the charges and his plea to both of the charges, not to his sentences. However, it logically follows that, because Harmon entered a plea of guilty to both charges and as a result received two sentences, the gist of his petition is an attack on the convictions and sentences he received.

¶13Furthermore, it is clear from the record of the hearing and from the trial court's order that the trial court was aware of Harmon's contention that he could only enter a guilty plea either to burglary in the third degree or to theft of property in the second degree, not to both. Therefore, the trial court, in denying Harmon's writ, ruled on this issue. See Ex parteO'Leary, 417 So.2d 232 (Ala. 1982), cert. denied, O'Leary v.Alabama, 463 U.S. 1206, 103 S.Ct. 3536, 77 L.Ed.2d 1387 (1983) (the issue must be preserved at the lower court level before it can be reviewed on appeal).

¶14We reverse the judgment of the Court of Criminal Appeals, because we find that the issue of Harmon's consecutive sentences was properly preserved for appeal; therefore, we remand this case to the Court of Criminal Appeals for it to determine whether Harmon was in fact subject to the imposition of separate sentences.

¶15REVERSED AND REMANDED.

¶16TORBERT, C.J., and MADDOX, JONES, ALMON, SHORES, BEATTY, HOUSTON and STEAGALL, JJ., concur.

/543/so2d/716 · .json · Public domain