United States v. Pheaster’s Empirical Analysis
544 F.2d 353 · 1976
Citation profile
184 federal appellate · 15 district · 74 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 336 later decisions (3 by the Supreme Court) — most recently September 2024 · most notably Brewer v. Williams (1977), State v. Hall (1990)
184 federal appellate · 15 district · 74 state decisions — followed in 27 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1201 (International Parental Kidnapping Crime Act of 1993) · 18 U.S.C. § 2 · 18 U.S.C. § 2314 · 18 U.S.C. § 495
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · United States v. Wade · Simmons v. United States · Neil v. Biggers · Stovall v. Denno
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 336 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“'The rule of Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Hillmon . . ., allowing evidence of intention as tending to prove the doing of the act intended, is, of course, left undisturbed”
25 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“indictments which are tardily challenged are liberally construed in favor of validity.”
18 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he inference from a statement of present intention that the act intended was in fact performed is nothing more than an inference____ The possible unreliability of the inference to be drawn from the present intention [of the declarant] is a matter going to the weight of the evidence which might be argued to the trier of fact, but it should not be a ground for completely excluding the admittedly relevant evidence.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.