Rebecca S. Hollenbaugh and Fred K. Philburn v. Carnegie Free Library, of Connellsville, Pennsylvania’s Empirical Analysis
545 F.2d 382 · 1976
Citation profile
23 federal appellate · 1 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 41 later decisions — most recently April 2019 · most notably Braden v. University of Pittsburgh (1977), Bethel v. Jendoco Construction Corp. (1978)
23 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Bishop v. Wood · Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Co. · Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority · Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis · Civil Rights Cases
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 41 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“‘[WJhether there is a sufficiently close nexus between the state and the challenged action ... so that the action of the latter may be fairly treated as that of the State itself.’ Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Co., 419 U.S. 345 [ 95 S.Ct. 449 , 42 L.Ed.2d 477 ] (1974), or whether the ‘State has so far insinuated itself into a position of interdependence with [the agency] that it must be recognized as a joint participant in the challenged activity.’ Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority, 365 U.S. 715, 725 [ 81 S.Ct. 856, 861 , 6 L.Ed.2d 45 ].”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“receipt of money from the state is not, without a good deal more, enough to make the recipient an agency or instrumentality of the Government.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“that the operation of a library constitutes... a function traditionally associated with sovereignty.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.