United States v. Tobin’s Empirical Analysis
2008
Citation profile
1 federal appellate · 2 district ·
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 241 (Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996) · 47 U.S.C. § 223
Relies on United States v. Mala · United States v. Goldberg · 369 F. Supp. 2d 254 - United States v. Urso · United States v. Tobin
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 3 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“In other words, it is not enough merely to foresee that emotional upset is a likely consequence of repeated calls. Instead, the actor must purposely seek to cause, or must desire to cause an adverse emotional reaction in a person at the called number. That aim or purpose need not be the sole aim or purpose, but it must be an aim or purpose.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.