French v. Heyne’s Empirical Analysis
547 F.2d 994 · 1976
Citation profile
32 federal appellate · 6 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 88 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2008 · most notably Hughes v. Rowe (1980), French v. Owens (1985)
32 federal appellate · 6 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Conley v. Gibson · Scheuer v. Rhodes · Haines v. Kerner · Wolff v. McDonnell · New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 88 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[W]e cannot indulge in supplying an imaginary purpose or basis for the classification, McGinnis v. Royster, 410 U.S. 263, 277 [ 93 S.Ct. 1055, 1063 , 35 L.Ed.2d 282 ] (1973), and thereby preclude plaintiffs from showing that such an “apparent” basis does not actually exist. McGowan v. Maryland, 366 U.S. 426 [420], 427 [ 81 S.Ct. 1101, 1105 , 6 L.Ed.2d 393 ] (1961)”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[I]n the absence of fundamental rights or a suspect classification, equal protection requires only that a classification that results in unequal treatment bear some rational relationship to a legitimate state purpose.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.