Askew v. Bloemker’s Empirical Analysis
548 F.2d 673 · 1976
Citation profile
54 federal appellate · 11 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 147 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently February 2025 · most notably United Brotherhood of Carpenters & Joiners of America, Local 610 v. Scott (1983), Gibson v. City of Chicago (1990)
54 federal appellate · 11 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics · Imbler v. Pachtman · Griffin v. Breckenridge · District of Columbia v. Carter · Mills v. Alabama
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 147 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““That the statute [ 42 U.S.C., § 1985 (3)] was meant to reach private action does not, however, mean that it was intended to apply to all tortious, conspiratorial interferences with the rights of others. . The language requiring intent to deprive of equal protection, or equal privileges and immunities, means that there must be some racial, or perhaps otherwise class-based, invidiously discriminatory animus behind the conspirators’ action. The conspiracy, in other words, must aim at a deprivation of the equal enjoyment of rights secured by the law to all.””
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Schoone v. Olsen · Briscoe v. Lahue“Plaintiffs’ class members shared no common characteristics prior to the defendants’ action. Indeed, their status as a “class” of victims depends entirely upon the defendants’ actions, and it is not possible for defendants to have conspired to discriminate against a class that did not even exist until after they had acted. Thus, no “class-based discriminatory animus” could have motivated the defendants’ actions, and the plaintiffs have not met the prerequisites to a § 1985(3) claim under Griffin.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the actions of this `dual-status' agent were necessarily taken pursuant to federal authority, for he could not have acted under color of state law ... in Collinsville Illinois, as it was outside his jurisdiction as a St. Louis police officer.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.