Commonwealth v. Carlton’s Empirical Analysis
1997
Citation profile
28 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 29 later decisions — most recently July 2023 · most notably Commonwealth v. Days (1998), Commonwealth v. Caban (2012)
28 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Ker v. State of California · Wilson v. Arkansas · Commonwealth v. Sell · Commonwealth v. Melendez · State v. Castonguay
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 29 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“1. the occupants remain silent after repeated knocking and announcing; 2. the police are virtually certain that the occupants of the premises already know their purpose; 3. the police' have reason to believe that an announcement prior to entry would imperil their safety; [or 11 ] 4. the police have reason to believe that evidence is about to be destroyed.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“If police had identified themselves and stated their authority and purpose, the absence of a response within a reasonable time would have justified a forced entry. In the absence of a statement of authority and purpose, however, it was reasonable and within their constitutional rights that the occupants did not respond.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[I]n order for a defendant accused of a possessory crime to prevail in a challenge to the search and seizure which provided the evidence used against him, [a defendant] must, as a threshold matter, establish that he has a legally cognizable expectation of privacy in the premises which were searched.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.