Jojola v. Chavez’s Empirical Analysis
55 F.3d 488 · 1995
Citation profile
46 federal appellate · 77 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 161 later decisions — most recently November 2023 · most notably Pani v. Empire Blue Cross Blue Shield (1998), David v. City And County Of Denver (1997)
46 federal appellate · 77 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1291 · 28 U.S.C. § 1367 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Paul v. Davis · Griffin v. Breckenridge · Lugar v. Edmondson Oil Co. · West v. Atkins · Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 161 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The traditional definition of acting under color of state law requires that the defendant in a § 1983 action have exercised power 'possessed by virtue of state law and made possible only because the wrongdoer is clothed with the authority of state law.'”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Section 1983 created a federal cause of action for damages to vindicate alleged violations of federal law committed by individuals acting 'under color of state law.'”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“actually knew of and acquiesced in the [actor's] behavior.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Chilson v. Romer · Brown v. Sales
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.