Gray v. Boyle’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

19 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 19 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. ““ ‘The holder (of a negotiable instrument) is not bound at his peril to be on the alert for circumstances which might possibly excite the suspicion of wary vigilance; he does not owe to the party who puts the paper afloat the duty of active inquiry in order to avert the imputation of bad faith.’ ””

   4 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. Shultz v. Crewdson · Larsen v. Betcher

2. ““To constitute notice of an infirmity in the instrument or defect in the title of the person negotiating the same, the person to whom it is negotiated must have had actual knowledge of the infirmity or defect, or knowledge of such facts that his action in taking the instrument amounted to bad faith.””

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. Scandinavian American Bank v. Johnston · Winter v. Nobs

3. ““1. That it is complete and regular upon its face. . . . 4. That at the time it was negotiated to him he had no notice of any infirmity in the instrument or defect in the title of the person negotiating it.””

   2 later decisions quote this exact passage
   e.g. Kolmitz v. Jansen · Larsen v. Betcher